| Abba Arsenius |
Abba Arsenius was born in Rome circa 360. He was well-educated, of senatorial rank,
and served as a tutor to the sons of Emperor Theodosius I. At the age of 34, Arsenius
sailed secretly from Rome to Alexandria and from there to Scetis where he became a
monk under Abba John the Dwarf. Abba Arsenius went to the Lord in 449.
The brethren said, "What is the meaning of the words which one of the old men
spake, saying, 'He who dwelleth with men, because of the commotion of worldly
affairs is unable to see his sins; but if he dwell in the silent repose of the desert he
will be able to see God in a pure manner?'"
The old man (Abba Arsenius) said, "The excellences which are cultivated in the world,
and to which our Lord, speaking in the Gospel, ascribed blessing, are lovingkindness,
peace-making and the other commandments which are like unto them, and it is quite
possible for such virtues to be cultivated in the world by certain strenuous persons.
"But the purity of heart which seeth God, and to which our Lord ascribed blessing,
saying, 'Blessed are the pure in heart, for they shall see God,' cannot be acquired
without dwelling in the desert and solitary and silent contemplation. The monk must
acquire it in the following way. First of all a man must go forth from the world, and
dwell in a monastery, and after his training in a monastery and having gone into his
cell, he must die through contemplation in silence, and through the other labors of
his body, and through striving against the passions, and through conflict with devils.
"Then through the tranquillity of mind (which he will acquire) in silent contemplation,
he will remember his sins, and when he hateth his passions, and hath petitioned for
the remission of his sins, and hath suppressed his thoughts, and hath become
constant in pure prayer, and hath cleansed his heart from odious thoughts, then shall
he be worthy to see in his heart, even as in a polished mirror, the light of the
revelation of our Lord (shining) upon it, even as the Fathers say.
"Well, then, did that holy man say to those brethren, 'Visit the sick, reconcile the
men of wrath,' for he who cultivateth spiritual excellences in the world cannot, by
reason of the commotion of the affairs thereof, see his sins; but if he continue in
silent contemplation and prayer he shall see God."
Is Asceticism Absolute? Or Relative?[2]
Abba Arsenius the Great is one of the most famous abbots and ascetics of Scetis,
near present-day Alexandria, Egypt. This illustration is very important in
understanding asceticism and how it applies differently to different people.
They used to say that on one occasion when Abba Arsenius the Great fell ill in Scete,
a priest went and brought him to the church, and he spread a palm-leaf mat for him,
and placed a small pillow under his head; and one of the old men came to visit him
and saw that he was lying upon a mat that he had a pillow under his head, and he
was offended and said, "And this is Arsenius lying upon such things!"
Then the priest took the old man aside privately, and said unto him, "What labor did
you do in your village?" And the old man said unto him, "I was a shepherd." And the
priest said unto him, "What manner of life did you lead in the world?" And he said
unto him, "A life of toil, and great want."
And when the old man had described all the tribulation which he had endured in the
world, the priest said unto him, "And here what manner of life do you lead?" And the
old man said unto him, "In my cell I have everything comfortable, and I have more
than I want." And the priest said unto him, "Consider the position of Abba Arsenius
when he was in the world! He was the father of kings, and a thousand slaves, girt
about with gold-embroidered vests, and with chains and ornaments around their
necks, and clothed in silk, stood before him; and he had the most costly couches and
cushions to lie upon. But you were a shepherd, and the comforts which you never
enjoyed in the world, you have here; but his man Arsenius has not here the comforts
which he enjoyed in the world, and now you are at ease while he is troubled."
Then the mind of the old man was opened, and he expressed contrition and said,
"Father, forgive me; I have sinned. Verily this is the way of truth. He has come to a
state of humility, while I have attained to ease." And the old men having profited
went his way.
"Doing What is Right in the Sight of God" [3]
Abba David said, "Abba Arsenius told us the following, as though it referred to
someone else, but in fact it referred to himself. An old man was sitting in his cell and
a voice came to him which said, 'Come, and I will show you the works of men.' He got
up and followed. The voice led him to a certain place and showed him an Ethiopian
cutting wood and making a great pile. He struggled to carry it but in vain. Instead of
taking some off, he cut more wood which he added to the pile. He did this for a long
time. Going on a little further, the old man was shown a man standing on the shore
of a lake drawing up water and pouring it into a broken receptacle, so that the water
ran back into the lake. The voice said to the old man, 'Come and I will show you
something else.' He saw a temple and two men on horseback, opposite one another,
carrying a piece of wood crosswise. They wanted to go in through the door but could
not because they held their piece of wood crosswise. Neither of them would draw
back before the other, so as to carry the wood straight; so they remained outside the
door. The voice said to the old man, 'These men carry the yoke of righteousness with
pride, and do not humble themselves so as to correct themselves and walk in the
humble way of Christ. So they remain outside the Kingdom of God. The man cutting
the wood is he who lives in many sins and instead of repenting he adds more faults
to his sins. He who draws the water is he who does good deeds, but mixing bad ones
with them, he spoils even his good works. So, everyone must be watchful of his
actions, lest he labor in vain."
An old man said, "Every evening and every morning a monk ought to render an
account of himself and say to himself, ‘What have we not done of what God does not
want, and what have we done of that which God wills?’ In this way he must live in
repentance.
[1] from E. A. Wallis Budge, "The Paradise of the Holy Fathers, vol. II," (Seattle: St.
Nectarios Press, 1984), pp. 319-320.
[2] from E. A. Wallis Budge, "The Paradise of the Holy Fathers", (Seattle: St.
Nectarios Press, 1984), pp. 106-107
[3] from "The Desert Christian," by Benedicta Ward, (New York; Macmillan, 1975), p.
15-16
and served as a tutor to the sons of Emperor Theodosius I. At the age of 34, Arsenius
sailed secretly from Rome to Alexandria and from there to Scetis where he became a
monk under Abba John the Dwarf. Abba Arsenius went to the Lord in 449.
The brethren said, "What is the meaning of the words which one of the old men
spake, saying, 'He who dwelleth with men, because of the commotion of worldly
affairs is unable to see his sins; but if he dwell in the silent repose of the desert he
will be able to see God in a pure manner?'"
The old man (Abba Arsenius) said, "The excellences which are cultivated in the world,
and to which our Lord, speaking in the Gospel, ascribed blessing, are lovingkindness,
peace-making and the other commandments which are like unto them, and it is quite
possible for such virtues to be cultivated in the world by certain strenuous persons.
"But the purity of heart which seeth God, and to which our Lord ascribed blessing,
saying, 'Blessed are the pure in heart, for they shall see God,' cannot be acquired
without dwelling in the desert and solitary and silent contemplation. The monk must
acquire it in the following way. First of all a man must go forth from the world, and
dwell in a monastery, and after his training in a monastery and having gone into his
cell, he must die through contemplation in silence, and through the other labors of
his body, and through striving against the passions, and through conflict with devils.
"Then through the tranquillity of mind (which he will acquire) in silent contemplation,
he will remember his sins, and when he hateth his passions, and hath petitioned for
the remission of his sins, and hath suppressed his thoughts, and hath become
constant in pure prayer, and hath cleansed his heart from odious thoughts, then shall
he be worthy to see in his heart, even as in a polished mirror, the light of the
revelation of our Lord (shining) upon it, even as the Fathers say.
"Well, then, did that holy man say to those brethren, 'Visit the sick, reconcile the
men of wrath,' for he who cultivateth spiritual excellences in the world cannot, by
reason of the commotion of the affairs thereof, see his sins; but if he continue in
silent contemplation and prayer he shall see God."
Is Asceticism Absolute? Or Relative?[2]
Abba Arsenius the Great is one of the most famous abbots and ascetics of Scetis,
near present-day Alexandria, Egypt. This illustration is very important in
understanding asceticism and how it applies differently to different people.
They used to say that on one occasion when Abba Arsenius the Great fell ill in Scete,
a priest went and brought him to the church, and he spread a palm-leaf mat for him,
and placed a small pillow under his head; and one of the old men came to visit him
and saw that he was lying upon a mat that he had a pillow under his head, and he
was offended and said, "And this is Arsenius lying upon such things!"
Then the priest took the old man aside privately, and said unto him, "What labor did
you do in your village?" And the old man said unto him, "I was a shepherd." And the
priest said unto him, "What manner of life did you lead in the world?" And he said
unto him, "A life of toil, and great want."
And when the old man had described all the tribulation which he had endured in the
world, the priest said unto him, "And here what manner of life do you lead?" And the
old man said unto him, "In my cell I have everything comfortable, and I have more
than I want." And the priest said unto him, "Consider the position of Abba Arsenius
when he was in the world! He was the father of kings, and a thousand slaves, girt
about with gold-embroidered vests, and with chains and ornaments around their
necks, and clothed in silk, stood before him; and he had the most costly couches and
cushions to lie upon. But you were a shepherd, and the comforts which you never
enjoyed in the world, you have here; but his man Arsenius has not here the comforts
which he enjoyed in the world, and now you are at ease while he is troubled."
Then the mind of the old man was opened, and he expressed contrition and said,
"Father, forgive me; I have sinned. Verily this is the way of truth. He has come to a
state of humility, while I have attained to ease." And the old men having profited
went his way.
"Doing What is Right in the Sight of God" [3]
Abba David said, "Abba Arsenius told us the following, as though it referred to
someone else, but in fact it referred to himself. An old man was sitting in his cell and
a voice came to him which said, 'Come, and I will show you the works of men.' He got
up and followed. The voice led him to a certain place and showed him an Ethiopian
cutting wood and making a great pile. He struggled to carry it but in vain. Instead of
taking some off, he cut more wood which he added to the pile. He did this for a long
time. Going on a little further, the old man was shown a man standing on the shore
of a lake drawing up water and pouring it into a broken receptacle, so that the water
ran back into the lake. The voice said to the old man, 'Come and I will show you
something else.' He saw a temple and two men on horseback, opposite one another,
carrying a piece of wood crosswise. They wanted to go in through the door but could
not because they held their piece of wood crosswise. Neither of them would draw
back before the other, so as to carry the wood straight; so they remained outside the
door. The voice said to the old man, 'These men carry the yoke of righteousness with
pride, and do not humble themselves so as to correct themselves and walk in the
humble way of Christ. So they remain outside the Kingdom of God. The man cutting
the wood is he who lives in many sins and instead of repenting he adds more faults
to his sins. He who draws the water is he who does good deeds, but mixing bad ones
with them, he spoils even his good works. So, everyone must be watchful of his
actions, lest he labor in vain."
An old man said, "Every evening and every morning a monk ought to render an
account of himself and say to himself, ‘What have we not done of what God does not
want, and what have we done of that which God wills?’ In this way he must live in
repentance.
[1] from E. A. Wallis Budge, "The Paradise of the Holy Fathers, vol. II," (Seattle: St.
Nectarios Press, 1984), pp. 319-320.
[2] from E. A. Wallis Budge, "The Paradise of the Holy Fathers", (Seattle: St.
Nectarios Press, 1984), pp. 106-107
[3] from "The Desert Christian," by Benedicta Ward, (New York; Macmillan, 1975), p.
15-16
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